What is defined as anything that occupies space and has weight?

The correct answer is matter, which is defined as anything that occupies space and has weight. This definition encompasses all physical substances around us, including solids, liquids, and gases. Matter is characterized by its mass and volume, making it fundamental to the study of physics and chemistry. By understanding the properties of matter, mechanics can work effectively with various materials in aviation, as they often deal with components that have mass and occupy space.

In contrast, energy is not a substance but a property that can do work or produce change. Force, similarly, is an interaction that causes an object to accelerate but does not itself occupy space. Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation and, while it has momentum, it does not have mass in the traditional sense and thus does not fulfill the criteria of occupying space in the conventional matter sense. Therefore, matter is the only option that fully aligns with the definition provided in the question.