Which of the following are the three states of matter?

The three states of matter are indeed solids, liquids, and gases. This classification is fundamental in understanding the physical properties and behaviors of substances.

Solids have a definite shape and volume due to closely packed particles that vibrate but do not move freely. This stability in structure allows solids to maintain their shape under various conditions.

Liquids, on the other hand, have a definite volume but take the shape of their container. The particles in a liquid are closer than in a gas but are still able to move around, which allows liquids to flow.

Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. The particles are widely spaced and move freely at high speeds, allowing gases to expand and fill their containers completely.

Understanding these states is critical in fields such as physics and chemistry, where the behavior of materials is analyzed based on their state of matter. This knowledge is essential in various applications, including those relevant to aviation and mechanical work.

The other options mentioned do not adequately represent the three foundational states of matter. Vapors and plagues introduce terms that are either too specific or not universally recognized states of matter in the traditional scientific context. Thus, solids, liquids, and gases stand as the correct classification.